Orchid Family
Orchid Family - Orchidaceae
Pink Butterfly Orchid Anacamptis papilionaceaNative to the Mediterranean Region, eastwards to the Caucasus.
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Pyramidal Orchid Anacamptis pyramidalis
Native throughout much of Europe, North-west Africa and the Middle East.
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Bergon's Tongue Orchid Serapias bergonii
(Serapias vomeracea subsp. laxiflora) Native from Italy and Malta eastwards to Turkey in the Mediterranean Region. Spike rather lax at flowering time with flowers well spaced along the stem. Hypochile (inner, lobed section of labellum) 10-155mm broad when flattened. Epichile ('tongue' of labellum) 4-8mm broad and only sparsely hairy at the base.
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Eastern Long-lipped Tongue Orchid Serapias orientalis
(Serapias vomeracea ssp. orientalis) Native to the central and eastern Mediterranean Region, eastwards to the Caucasus. Spike short, 3-6-flowered, bracts shortly exceeding the flowers.
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Common Tongue Orchid Serapias lingua
Native throughout the Mediterranean Basin but becoming scarce or absent in the east of the region.
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Four-spotted Orchid Orchis quadripunctata
Native to central and southern Italy, the Balkan Peninsula and Turkey.
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Naked Man Orchid Orchis italica
Native throughout the Mediterranean Region.
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Milky Orchid Neotinea lactea
Native from southern France to Turkey and in North-west Morocco.
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Toothed Orchid Neotinea tridentata
Native from central and southern Europe to the Middle East.
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Giant Orchid Himantoglossum robertianum
Native throughout most of the Mediterranean Region.
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Yellow Bee Orchid Ophrys lutea
Native throughout the Mediterranean Region.
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Bumblebee Orchid Ophrys bombyliflora
Native throughout the Mediterranean Region from Macaronesia to Turkey.
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Mirror Orchid Ophrys speculum
Native throughout the Mediterranean Region.
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Rainbow Bee Orchid Ophrys fusca ssp. iricolor
Native to the Mediterranean Region, including many of the islands, the Balkan Peninsula, Turkey and the Middle East.
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Sawfly Orchid Ophrys tenthredinifera
Native throughout the Mediterranean Region.
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Common Woodcock Orchid Ophrys scolopax ssp. scolopax
Native patchily through the Mediterranean Region to the Caucasus, most commonly in the west of its range. Flowers with labellum 6-13mm long and appendage 1.5-2mm long. The form heldreichii also occurs and is essentially identical to this, but has labellum 13-16mm long and appendage 2.5-5mm long.
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Horned Woodcock Orchid Ophrys scolopax ssp. cornuta
(Ophrys oestrifera) Native patchily through the Mediterranean Region to the Caucasus, most commonly in Greece.
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Eastern Woodcock Orchid Ophrys umbilicata
(Ophrys attica) Native from Greece, eastwards through southern Turkey to western Iran.
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Reinhold's Bee Orchid Ophrys reinholdii
Native from the Balkan Peninsula, through Turkey to the Middle East.
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Horseshoe Bee Orchid Ophrys ferrum-equinum
Native from Albania to southern Turkey.
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Eyed Bee Orchid Ophrys argolica
Native from Italy to Syria. Most plants seen on Peloponnese bear little resemblance to reference sources in their markings and are presumtively identified here based on labellum shape and details of hairs at base of labellum, plus the size and shape of the two upper petals. Many may be hybrids. Labellum should show more obvious, whitish hairs on shoulders and clearly hairy upper petals.
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Mammose Spider Orchid Ophrys sphegodes ssp. taurica
(Ophrys mammosa) Native from the Balkan Peninsula to the Caucasus and Iran.
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Spruner's Spider Orchid Ophrys sphegodes ssp. spruneri
(Ophrys spruneri) Native to Greece and the Aegean Islands.
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Hybrid Ophrys Orchids
The evolution and taxonomy of Ophrys orchids is difficult to interpret and there are a number of current ways to describe and classify them. In the field, many inidivuduals defy easy identification and are likely to be hybrids. In the Peloponnese, hybrids seem to occur involving Eyed, Horseshoe Bee and Spruner's Spider Orchids, and probably others.
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