The Oak Family
Oak Family - Fagaceae
Kermes Oak Quercus cocciferaNative throughout the Mediterranean Region and a common component of maquis habitat. Often a low, heavily grazed bush, but will grow into a tree in less grazed areas and then has less prickly leaves.
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Holm Oak Quercus ilex
Native to the Mediterranean Region.
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Valonia Oak Quercus ithaburensis ssp. macrolepis
Native in the Mediterranean Region, from Italy to the Middle East. Also cultivated in some areas to provide tanin from the acorn cups. Very common in the rolling hills of the central part of Lesvos.
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Turkey Oak Quercus cerris
Native to the Mediterranean Region, Balkans and Turkey. Leaves relatively narrow and with sharply angled lobes. Acorns with distinctly bristly cups and winter twigs readily told by the bristly bracts between the buds.
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Downy Oak Quercus pubescens
Native throughout much of Europe to Turkey and the Caucasus.
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Aleppo Oak Quercus infectoria
Native from Greece to the Caucasus and Iran.
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Hungarian Oak Quercus frainetto
Native from Italy and Hungary southward through the Balkan Peninsula to Turkey.
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Sweet Chestnut Castanea sativa
Native in the Balkan Peninsula, eastwards through Asia Minor to Iran. Forms deciduous woodland in the higher hills, especially above Agiasos. Leaves smooth, up to 26cm long and with bristle tips to the veins along the leaf margins. Male flowers carried in great abudance on long, stiff, radiating spikes. Female flowers in small clusters at the base of the male spikes. Fruits consist of one to three nutlets contained within a soft case with densely spiny outer surfaces. Winter buds rounded on strongly ridged shoots. With age, the bark becomes deeply fissured and develops a spiral direction on the trunk.
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